Combination of bits that serves to delimit the scope of a computer network.It serves for a computer (mainly the gateway, router, etc.) to determine whether it should send the data inside or outside the network.That is, the function of the network mask is to indicate to the devices that part of the IP address is the number of the network (including the subnet), and which part is that corresponding to the host.For example, if the router has ip 159.128.1.1 and network mask 255.255.255.0, understands that everything that is sent to an IP that begins with 159.128.1 goes to the local network and everything that goes to other IP addresses will go outside (Internet or other major local network).
More technical definition
The subnet mask, within a TCP/IP network, is a configuration parameter that defines the size (understood as the address range) of the IP subnet, or subnet, to which a host belongs, in order to reduce network traffic and facilitate the search and achievement of a particular host mined with your IP address.
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