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Synchronize files definition (synchronization)

In computer science, file synchronization is the process of making sure that two or more locations contain the same versions of the files.If a file is added, modified or deleted from one location, the synchronization process will add, modify or delete it file in the other locations.In English: file synchronization.

File synchronization is a type of data synchronization.

File synchronization allows you to keep the same version of files in multiple locations, usually directories on a computer, on removable storage devices (eg, USB flash drives), and even between a computer and a mobile device such as a cell phone.

The synchronization process can be done manually or automatically using some software tool, which allows more reliability.

Scheme representing the synchronization of files in computer science.

File-based solutions

There are tools available for file synchronization, version control (CVS, Subversion, etc.), distributed file systems (Coda, etc.), and replicas (rsync, etc.), in the sense that they all try to keep synchronized file sets; however, only version control and file synchronization tools can handle modifications to more than one copy of the files.

File synchronization is commonly used for domestic backups on external hard drives or for updates for transport on USB flash drives.The automatic process prevents copying of already identical files, so it can save considerable time compared to a manual copy, in addition to being faster and less prone to errors.For more information read: synchronize files.

Version control tools are designed to deal with situations in which more than one user tries to modify simultaneously the same file, while file synchronizers are optimized for situations in which only one copy of the file is edited at a time.For this reason, although version control tools can be used for file synchronization, Dedicated programs require less overhead.

Distributed (or network) file systems can also be seen to ensure that multiple versions of a file are synchronized.This typically requires the devices that store the files are always connected, but some distributed file systems such as Coda allow a disconnected operation followed by a reconciliation.The merging facilities of a distributed file system are typically more limited than those of a version control system because most of the file systems do not maintain a version chart.For more information read: file system network.

Mirror or mirror (computation): A replica is an exact copy of a data set.On the Internet, a mirror site is an exact copy of another Internet site.Mirror sites are the most used to provide multiple sources of the same information, and are of particular value as a way to provide reliable access to large downloads.

File synchronization types

* One way ( one-way): also called mirroring or mirroring, the files are copied only from one source location to one (or more) destination location, but no file is copied in the reverse direction, so changes made at destination do not affect the source.

* Two-way: the files are copied both ways, keeping both locations synchronized with each other.

Advanced features of synchronization programs

* To achieve more efficiency, the ideal would be to synchronize only those data that have ca Also, instead of copying an entire file.* Possibility of data compression, if synchronization is done through a network.* Ability to detect conflicts, for example, when there is a file that is not synchronized correctly (different versions of both sides).* Possibility to preview any changes before it is made.* Possibility to see the differences between individual files.

File synchronization applications

* Free and open source: Unison, JFileSync, FreeFileSync, WinSCP (Windows only), PathSync (Windows only), DirSync Pro, FullSync (Windows only), rsync (Unix only).

* Free (code closed): Microsoft ActiveSync (to synchronize mobile devices), Microsoft Foldershare, Microsoft Sync Framework, Microsoft SyncToy, Windows Mobile Device Center, GoodSync (trial), Allway Sync (limited), SyncMate (free basic version), Gbridge (synchronize files , remote desktop, etc.).

* Commercial: Dropbox, Robocopy, PowerFolder, Mobiliti.

Related terminology

• Synchronize

• Data synchronization

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